Core Knowledge

History Core Knowledge

History:		History (K-4)			World History (5-12)
		US History (5-12)			Historical Thinking (5-12)
Standards
National History Standard		Core Knowledgeâ			McREL Standard
History (K-4)
Standard I-Family Life Now and in the Recent Past; Family Life in Various Places Long Ago					Standard 1-Understands family life now and in the past, and family life in various places long ago
Standard 2-History of Students’ Local Community and How Communities in North America Varied Long Ago		Kindergarten: American II-Native American Peoples, Past and Present Grade 1: American IA-The Earliest People: Hunters and Nomads, American IIC-English Settlers Grade 2: American IIIB-Native Americans Grade 3: American IB-Native Americans, American IIIB-Southern Colonies, American IIIC-New England Colonies, American IIID-Middle Atlantic Colonies			Standard 2-Understands the history of a local community and how communities in North America varied long ago
Standard 3-The People, Events, Problems, and Ideas that Created the History of Their State					Standard 3-Understands the people, events, problems, and ideas that were significant in creating the history of their state
Standard 4-How Democratic Values Came to Be, and How They Have Been Exemplified by People, Events, and Symbols		Kindergarten: American IIIC-July 4, "Independence Day", American IV-Presidents, Past and Present, American V-Symbols and Figures Grade 1: American III-From Colonies to Independence: The American Revolution, American IV-Early Exploration of the American West, American V-Symbols and Figures Grade 2: American I-American Government: The Constitution, American II-The War of 1812, American VIII-Symbols and Figures Grade 4: American IA-American Revolution: Background: The French and Indian War, American IB-American Revolution: Causes and Provocations, American IC-The Revolution, American IIA-Main Ideas Behind the Declaration of Independence, American IIB-Making a New Government: From the Declaration to the Constitution, American IIC-The Constitution of the United States, American IID-Levels and Functions of Government (National, State, Local), American III-Early Presidents and Politics, American IV-Reformers, American V-Symbols and Figures			Standard 4-Understands how democratic values came to be, and how they have been exemplified by people, events, and symbols
Standard 5-The Causes and Nature of Various Movements of Large Groups of People into and within the United States, Now and Long Ago		Kindergarten: American IIIA-The Voyage of Columbus in 1492, American IIIB-The Pilgrims Grade 1: American IIB-The Conquistadors, American IV-Early Exploration of the American west Grade 2: American IIIA-Pioneers Head West, American V-Immigration and Citizenship Grade 3: American IA-Crossing the Land Bridge, American IIA-Early Spanish Exploration and Settlement, American IIB-Exploration and Settlement of the American Southwest			Standard 5-Understands the causes and nature of movements of large groups of people into and within the United States, now and long ago
Standard 6-Regional Folklore and Cultural Contributions That Helped to Form Our National Heritage					Standard 6-Understands the folklore and other cultural contributions from various regions of the United States and how they helped to form a national heritage
Standard 7-Selected Attributes and Historical Developments of Various Societies in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe		Grade 1: World IIA-Mesopotamia: The "Cradle of Civilization", World IIB-Ancient Egypt, World IIIB-Culture, American IIC-English Settlers Grade 2: World IIB-India, World IIC-China, World IIIB-Culture, World IV-Ancient Greece Grade 3: World IIB-Ancient Rome: Background, World IIC-Ancient Rome: The Empire, World IID-Ancient Rome: The "Decline and Fall" of Rome, World IIE-The Eastern Roman Empire: Byzantine Civilization, World III-The Vikings Grade 4: World IIA-Europe in the Middle Ages: Background, World IIC-Developments in History of the Christian Church, World IID-Feudalism, World IIE-The Norman Conquest, World IIF-Growth of Towns, World IIG-England in the Middle Ages, World IIIA-Islam, World IIIB-Development of Islamic Civilization, World IIIC-Wars between Muslims and Christians, World IVA-Early African Kingdoms, World IVB-Medieval Kingdoms of the Sudan, World V-China: Dynasties and Conquerors			Standard 7-Understands selected attributes and historical developments of societies in Africa, the Americas, Asia, and Europe
Standard 8-Major Discoveries in Science and Technology, Their Social and Economic Effects, and the Scientists and Inventors Responsible for Them		Kindergarten: Science VII-Science Biographies Grade 1: Science VIII-Science Biographies Grade 2: Science VI-Science Biographies Grade 3: Science VII-Science Biographies Grade 4: Science VI-Science Biographies			Standard 8-Understands major discoveries in science and technology, some of their social and economic effects, and the major scientists and inventors responsible for them
National History Standard		Core Knowledgeâ			McREL Standard
US History (5-12)
Era 1	Era 2		Era 3	Era 4		Era 5
Era 6	Era 7		Era 8	Era 9		Era 10
Era 1-Three Worlds Meet (Beginning-1620)
Standard 1-Comparative characteristics of societies in the Americas, Western Europe, and Western Africa that increasingly interacted after 1450		Grade 5: World IIB-Maya, Inca, and Aztec Civilizations, World IIIA-European Exploration, Trade, and the Clash of Cultures-Background, World IIIB-European Exploration, Trade, and Colonization			Standard 1-Understands the characteristics of societies in the Americas, Western Europe, and Western Africa that increasingly interacted after 1450
Standard 2-How early European exploration and colonization resulted in cultural and ecological interactions among previously unconnected peoples		Grade 5: World IIIA-European Exploration, Trade, and the Clash of Cultures-Background, World IIIB-European Exploration, Trade, and Colonization			Standard 2-Understands cultural and ecological interactions among previously unconnected people resulting from early European exploration and colonization
Era 2-Colonization and Settlement (1585-1763)
Standard 1-Why the Americas attracted Europeans, why they brought enslaved Africans to their colonies, and how Europeans struggled for control of North America and the Caribbean		Grade 5: World IIC-Meso-American Civilizations-Spanish Conquerors, World IIIC-European Exploration, Trade, and Colonization-Trade and Slavery			Standard 3-Understands why the Americas attracted Europeans, why they brought enslaved Africans to their colonies and how Europeans struggled for control of North America and the Caribbean
Standard 2-How political, religious, and social institutions emerged in the English colonies					Standard 4-Understands how political, religious, and social institutions emerged in the English colonies
Standard 3-How the values and institutions of European economic life took root in the colonies, and how slavery reshaped European and African life in the Americas		Grade 5: World IIIC-European Exploartion, Trade, and the Clash of Cultures-Trade and Slavery			Standard 5-Understands how the values and institutions of European economic life took root in the colonies and how slavery reshaped European and African life in the Americas
Era 3-Revolution and the New Nation (1754-1820s)
Standard 1-The causes of the American Revolution, the ideas and interests involved in forging the revolutionary movement, and the reasons for the American victory					Standard 6-Understands the causes of the American Revolution, the ideas and interests involved in shaping the revolutionary movement, and reasons for the American victory
Standard 2-The impact of the American Revolution on politics, economy, and society					Standard 7-Understands the impact of the American Revolution on politics, economy, and society
Standard 3-The institutions and practices of government created during the Revolution and how they were revised between 1787 and 1815 to create the foundation of the American political system based on the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights					Standard 8-Understands the institutions and practices of government created during the Revolution and how these elements were revised between 1787 and 1815 to create the foundation of the American political system based on the U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights
Era 4-Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)
Standard 1-United States territorial expansion between 1801 and 1861, and how it affected relations with external powers and Native Americans		Grade 5: American IA-Westward Expansion before the Civil War, American IIIA-Native Americans: Cultures and Conflicts-Culture and Life, American IIIB-Native Americans: Cultures and Conflicts-American Government Policies, American IIIC-Native Americans: Cultures and Conflicts-Conflicts			Standard 9-Understands the United States territorial expansion between 1801 and 1861, and how it affected relations with external powers and Native Americans
Standard 2-How the industrial revolution, increasing immigration, the rapid expansion of slavery, and the westward movement changed the lives of Americans and led toward regional tensions					Standard 10-Understands how the industrial revolution, increasing immigration, the rapid expansion of slavery, and the westward movement changed American lives and led to regional tensions
Standard 3-The extension, restriction, and reorganization of political democracy after 1800					Standard 11-Understands the extension, restriction, and reorganization of political democracy after 1800
Standard 4-The sources and character of cultural, religious, and social reform movements in the antebellum period					Standard 12-Understands the sources and character of cultural, religious, and social reform movements in the antebellum period
Era 5-Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)
Standard 1-The causes of the Civil War		Grade 5: American IIA-Toward the Civil War			Standard 13-Understand the causes of the Civil War
Standard 2-The course and character of the Civil War and its effects on the American people		Grade 5: American IIB-The Civil War			Standard 14-Understands the course and character of the Civil War and its effects on the American people
Standard 3-How various reconstruction plans succeeded or failed		Grade 5: American IIC-The Civil War: Causes, Conflicts, Consequences-Reconstruction, American IIIC-Native Americans: Cultures and Conflicts-Conflicts			Standard 15-Understands how various reconstruction plans succeeded or failed
Era 6-The Development of the Industrial (1870-1900)
Standard 1-How the rise of corporations, heavy industry, and mechanized farming transformed the American people		Grade 6: American IB-Industrialization and Urbanization			Standard 16-Understands how the rise of corporations, heavy industry, and mechanized farming transformed American society
Standard 2-Massive immigration after 1870 and how new social patterns, conflicts, and ideas of national unity developed amid growing cultural diversity		Grade 6: American IA-Immigration			Standard 17-Understands massive immigration after 1870 and how new social patterns, conflicts, and ideas of national unity developed amid growing cultural diversity
Standard 3-The rise of the American labor movement and how political issues reflected social and economic changes					Standard 18-Understands the rise of the American labor movement and how political issues reflected social and economic changes
Standard 4-Federal Indian policy and United States foreign policy after the Civil War		Grade 5: American IIIB-Native Americans: Cultures and Conflicts-American Government Policies			Standard 19-Understands federal Indian policy and United States foreign policy after the Civil War
Era 7-The Emergence of Modern America (1890-1930)
Standard 1-How Progressives and others addressed problems of industrial capitalism, urbanization, and political corruption		Grade 6: American II-Reform			Standard 20-Understands how Progressives and others addressed problems of industrial capitalism, urbanization, and political corruption
Standard 2-The changing role of the United States in world affairs through World War I		Grade 7: I-America Becomes a World Power, IIA-World War I: "The Great War," 1914-1918-History			Standard 21-Understands the changing role of the United States in world affairs through World War I
Standard 3-How the United States changed from the end of World War I to the eve of the Great Depression		Grade 7: IVA- America in the Twenties			Standard 22-Understands how the United States changed between the post-World War I years and the eve of the Great Depression
Era 8-The Great Depression and World War II (1929-1945)
Standard 1-The causes of the Great Depression and how it affected American society		Grade 7: IVB-The Great Depression			Standard 23-Understands the causes of the Great Depression and how it affected American society
Standard 2-How the New Deal addressed the Great Depression, transformed American federalism, and initiated the welfare state		Grade 7: IVC-Roosevelt and the New Deal			Standard 24-Understands how the New Deal addressed the Great Depression, transformed American federalism, and initiated the welfare state
Standard 3-The causes and course of World War II, the character of the war at home and abroad, and its reshaping of the U.S. role in world affairs		Grade 7: VA-The Rise of Totalitarianism in Europe, VB-World War II in Europe and at Home, 1939-45, VC-World War II in the Pacific, and the End of the War			Standard 25-Understands the causes and course of World War II, the character of the war at home and abroad, and its reshaping of the U.S. role in world affairs
Era 9-Postwar United States (1945-early 1970s)
Standard 1-The economic boom and social transformation of postwar United States					Standard 26-Understands the economic boom and social transformation of post-World War II United States
Standard 2-How the Cold War and conflicts in Korea and Vietnam influenced domestic and international politics		Grade 8: IIA-Origins of the Cold War, IIB-The Korean War, IIC-America in the Cold War			Standard 27-Understands how the Cold War and conflicts in Korean and Vietnam influenced domestic and international politics
Standard 3-Domestic policies after World War II		Grade 8: IIC-America in the Cold War			Standard 28-Understands domestic policies in the post-World War II period
Standard 4-The struggle for racial and gender equality and the extension of civil liberties		Grade 8: III-The Civil Rights Movement			Standard 29-Understands the struggle for racial and gender equality and for the extension of civil liberties
Era 10-Contemportary United States (1968-present)
Standard 1-Recent developments in foreign and domestic politics		Grade 8: IVA-The Vietnam War, VA-The Middle East and Oil Politics-History, VIA-The American Policy of Detente			Standard 30-Understands developments in foreign policy and domestic politics between the Nixon and Clinton presidencies
Standard 2-Economic, social, and cultural developments in contemporary United States		Grade 8: IVB-The Vietnam War-Social and Environmental Activism			Standard 31-Understands economic, social, and cultural developments in the contemporary United States
National History Standard		Core Knowledgeâ			McREL Standard
World History (5-12)
Era 1	Era 2		Era 3		Era 4	Era 5
Era 6	Era 7		Era 8		Era 9	Across Eras
Era 1-The Beginnings of Human Society
Standard 1-The biological and cultural processes that gave rise to the earliest human communities					Standard 1-Understands the biological and cultural processes that shaped the earliest human communities
Standard 2-The processes that led to the emergence of agricultural societies around the world					Standard 2-Understands the processes that contributed to the emergence of agricultural societies around the world
Era 2-Early Civilizations and the Emergence of Pastoral Peoples (4000-1000 BCE)
Standard 1-The major characteristics of civilization and how civilizations emerged in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus valley					Standard 3-Understands the major characteristics of civilization and the development of civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley
Standard 2-How agrarian societies spread and new states emerged in the third and second millennia BCE					Standard 4-Understands how agrarian societies spread and new states emerged in the third and second millennia BCE
Standard 3-The political, social, and cultural consequences of population movements and militarization in Eurasia in the second millennium BCE					Standard 5-Understands the political, social, and cultural consequences of population movements and militarization in Eurasia in the second millennium BCE
Standard 4-Major trends in Eurasia and Africa from 4000- 1000 BCE					Standard 6-Understands major trends in Eurasia and Africa from 4000 to 1000 BCE
Era 3-Classical Traditions, Major Religions, and Giant Empires (1000 BCE-300 CE)
Standard 1-Innovation and change from 1000-600 BCE: horses, ships, iron, and monotheistic faith					Standard 7-Understands technological and cultural innovation and change from 1000 to 600 BCE
Standard 2-The emergence of Aegean civilization and how interrelations developed among peoples of the eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia, 600-200 BCE					Standard 8-Understands how Aegean civilization emerged and how interrelations developed among peoples of the Eastern Mediterranean and Southwest Asia from 600 to 200 BCE
Standard 3-How major religions and large-scale empires arose in the Mediterranean basin, China, and India, 500 BCE-300 CE		Grade 6: World IIA-Judaism and Christianity, World IIB-Ancient Greece, World IIC-Ancient Rome			Standard 9-Understand how major religious and large-scale empires arose in the Mediterranean Basin, China, and India from 500 BCE to 300 CE
Standard 4-The development of early agrarian civilizations in Mesoamerica					Standard 10-Understands how early agrarian civilizations arose in Mesoamerica
Standard 5- Major global trends from 1000 BCE-300 CE					Standard 11-Understands major global trends from 1000 BCE to 300 CE
Era 4-Expanding Zones of Exchange and Encounter, 300-1000 CE
Standard 1-Imperial crises and their aftermath, 300-700 CE					Standard 12-Understands the Imperial crises and their aftermath in various regions from 300 to 700 CE
Standard 2-Causes and consequences of the rise of Islamic civilization in the 7th-10th centuries					Standard 13-Understands the causes and consequences of the development of Islamic civilization between the 7th and 10th centuries
Standard 3-Major developments in East Asia and Southeast Asia in the era of the Tang dynasty, 600-900 CE					Standard 14-Understands major developments in East Asia and Southeast Asia in the era of the Tang Dynasty from 600 to 900 CE
Standard 4-The search for political, social, and cultural redefinition in Europe, 500-1000 CE					Standard 15-Understands the political, social, and cultural redefinitions in Europe from 500 to 1000 CE
Standard 5-The development of agricultural societies and new states in tropical Africa and Oceania					Standard 16-Understands the development of agricultural societies and new states in tropical Africa and Oceania
Standard 6-The rise of centers of civilization in Mesoamerica and Andean South America in the first millennium CE					Standard 17-Understands the rise of centers of civilization in Mesoamerica and Andean South America in the 1st millennium CE
Standard 7-Major global trends from 300-1000 CE					Standard 18-Understands major global trends from 300 to 1000 CE
Era 5-Intensified Hemispheric Interactions 1000-1500 CE
Standard 1-The maturing of an interregional system of communication, trade, and cultural exchange in an era of Chinese economic power and Islamic expansion					Standard 19-Understands the maturation of an interregional system of communication, trade, and cultural exchange during a period of Chinese economic power and Islamic expansion
Standard 2-The redefining of European society and culture, 1000-1300 CE					Standard 20-Understands the redefinition of European society and culture from 1000 to 1300 CE
Standard 3-The rise of the Mongol empire and its consequences for Eurasian peoples, 1200-1350					Standard 21-Understands the rise of the Mongol Empire and its consequences for Eurasian peoples from 1200 to 1350
Standard 4-The growth of states, towns, and trade in Sub- Saharan Africa between the 11th and 15th centuries					Standard 22-Understands the growth of states, towns, and trade in Sub-Saharan Africa between the 11th and 15th centuries
Standard 5-Patterns of crisis and recovery in Afro-Eurasia, 1300-1450					Standard 23-Understands patterns of crisis and recovery in Afro-Eurasia between 1300 and 1450
Standard 6-The expansion of states and civilizations in the Americas, 1000-1500					Standard 24-Understands the expansion of states and civilizations in the Americas between 1000 and 1500
Standard 7-Major global trends from 1000-1500 CE					Standard 25-Understands major global trends from 1000 to 1500 CE
Era 6-The Emergence of the First Global Age, 1450-1770
Standard 1-How the transoceanic interlinking of all major regions of the world from 1450-1600 led to global transformations		Grade 5: World IIIA-European Exploration, Trade, and the Clash of Cultures-Background, World IIIB-European Exploration, Trade, and Colonization			Standard 26-Understands how the transoceanic interlinking of all major regions of the world between 1450 and 1600 led to global transformations
Standard 2-How European society experienced political, economic, and cultural transformations in an age of global intercommunication, 1450-1750		Grade 5: World IVA-The Renaissance, World IVB-The Reformation			Standard 27-Understands how European society experienced political, economic, and cultural transformations in an age of global intercommunication between 1450 and 1750
Standard 3-How large territorial empires dominated much of Eurasia between the 16th and 18th centuries		Grade 5: World VIA-Russia: Early Growth and Expansion-History and Culture			Standard 28-Understands how large territorial empires dominated much of Eurasia between the 16th and 18th centuries
Standard 4-Economic, political, and cultural interrelations among peoples of Africa, Europe, and the Americas, 1500-1750		Grade 5: World IIIB-European Exploration, Trade, and Colonization, World IIIC-European Exploration, Trade, and the Clash of Cultures-Trade and Slavery			Standard 29-Understands the economic, political, and cultural interrelations among peoples of Africa, Europe, and the Americas between 1500 and 1750
Standard 5-Transformations in Asian societies in the era of European expansion		Grade 5: World VIIA-Feudal Japan-History and Culture			Standard 30-Understands transformations in Asian societies in the era of European expansion
Standard 6-Major global trends from 1450-1770					Standard 31-Understands major global trends from 1450 to 1770
Era 7-An Age of Revolutions, 1750-1914
Standard 1-The causes and consequences of political revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries		Grade 5: World VA-England in the Golden Age, World VB-From the English Revolution to the Glorious Revolution Grade 6: World IV-The French Revolution			Standard 32-Understands the causes and consequences of political revolutions in the late 18th and early 19th centuries
Standard 2-The causes and consequences of the agricultural and industrial revolutions, 1700-1850		Grade 6: World VIA-The Industrial Revolution, World VIB-Capitalism, World VIC-Socialism			Standard 33-Understands the causes and consequences of the agricultural and industrial revolutions from 1700 to 1850
Standard 3-The transformation of Eurasian societies in an era of global trade and rising European power, 1750-1870					Standard 34-Understands how Eurasian societies were transformed in an era of global trade and the emergence of European power from 1750 to 1870
Standard 4-Patterns of nationalism, state-building, and social reform in Europe and the Americas, 1830-1914		Grade 5: World VA-England in the Golden Age, World VB-From the English Revolution to the Glorious Revolution Grade 6: World III-The Enlightenment, World IV-The French Revolution			Standard 35-Understands patterns of nationalism, state-building, and social reform in Europe and the Americas from 1830 to 1914
Standard 5-Patterns of global change in the era of Western military and economic domination, 1800-1914					Standard 36-Understands patterns of global change in the era of Western military and economic dominance from 1800 to 1914
Standard 6-Major global trends from 1750-1914		Grade 6: World V-Romanticism			Standard 37-Understand major global trends from 1750 to 1914
Era 8-A Half-Century of Crisis and Achievement 1900-1945
Standard 1-Reform, revolution, and social change in the world economy of the early century		Grade 7: IIIA-The Russian Revolution-History			Standard 38-Understands reform, revolution, and social change in the world economy of the early 20th century
Standard 2-The causes and global consequences of World War I		Grade 7: IIA-World War I: "The Great War," 1914-1918-History			Standard 39-Understands the causes and global consequences of World War I
Standard 3-The search for peace and stability in the 1920s and 1930s					Standard 40-Understands the search for peace and stability throughout the world in the 1920s and 1930s
Standard 4-The causes and global consequences of World War II		Grade 7: VA-The Rise of Totalitarianism in Europe, VB-World War II in Europe and at Home, 1939-45, VC-World War II in the Pacific, and the End of the War			Standard 41-Understands the causes and global consequences of World War II
Standard 5-Major global trends from 1900 to the end of World War II					Standard 42- Understands major global trends from 1900 to the end of World War II.
Era 9-The 20th Century Since 1945: Promises and Paradoxes
Standard 1-How post-World War II reconstruction occurred, new international power relations took shape, and colonial empires broke up		Grade 8: IA-Breakup of the British Empire, IB-Creation of the People's Republic of China			Standard 43-Understands how post-World War II reconstruction occurred, new international power relations took shape, and colonial empires broke up
Standard 2-The search for community, stability, and peace in an interdependent world					Standard 44-Understands the search for community, stability, and peace in an interdependent world
Standard 3-Major global trends since World War II					Standard 45-Understands major global trends since World War II
World History Across the Eras
Standard 1-Long-term changes and recurring patterns in world history					Standard 46-Understands long-term changes and recurring patterns in world history
National History Standard		Core Knowledgeâ			McREL Standard
Historical Thinking
Standard 1-Chronological Thinking		Grade 5: all Grade 6: all Grade 7: all Grade 8: all			Standard 1-Understands and knows how to analyze chronological relationships and patterns
Standard 2-Historical Comprehension		Grade 5: all Grade 6: all Grade 7: all Grade 8: all			Standard 2-Understands the historical perspective
Standard 3-Historical Analysis and Interpretation		Grade 5: all Grade 6: all Grade 7: all Grade 8: all
Standard 4-Historical Analysis and Interpretation		Grade 5: all Grade 6: all Grade 7: all Grade 8: all
Standard 5-Historical Issues-Analysis and Decision Making		Grade 5: all Grade 6: all Grade 7: all Grade 8: all

Permission to excerpt from the Core Knowledgeâ Sequence [1999] has been granted from the Core Knowledge Foundation. The Core Knowledge Sequence [1999] can be acquired from the Core Knowledge Foundation at: www.coreknowledge.org