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Timeline of the History of Cooperative
Learning
This
is a partial timeline on the history of cooperative learning from Johnson,
Johnson and Holubec (1998, p. 3:2-3:3)
Date
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Event
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Early
1900s
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John
Dewey, Kurt Lewin, Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky
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1960s
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1960s
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Stuart
Cook: Research on cooperation
Madsen
(Kagan): Research on cooperation & competition in children
Bruner,
Suchman: Inquiry (Discovery) Learning Movement
B.
F. Skinner: Programmed learning, behavior modification
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1962
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Morton
Deutsch (Nebraska Symposium): Cooperation & trust, conflict
Robert
Blake & Jane Mouton: Research on intergroup competition
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1966
1969
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David
Johnson, U of MN: Begins training teachers in Cooperative Learning
Roger
Johnson: Joins David at U of MN
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1970s
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1970
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David
Johnson: Social Psychology of Education
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1973
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David
DeVries & Keith Edwards: Combined instructional games approach
with intergroup competition, teams-games-tournament
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1974-1975
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David
& Roger Johnson: Research review on cooperation/competition
David
& Roger Johnson: Learning Together and Alone
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Mid
1970s
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Annual
Symposium at APA (David DeVries & Keith Edwards, David &
Roger Johnson, Stuart Cook, Elliot Aronson, Elizabeth Cohen, others)
Robert
Slavin: Begins development of cooperative curricula
Spencer
Kagan: Continued research on cooperation among children
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1976
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Shlomo
&Yael Sharan: Small Group Teaching (group investigation)
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1978
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Elliot Aronson: Jigsaw Classroom,
Journal of Research & Development in Education,
(Cooperation Issue)
Jeanne Gibbs: Tribes
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1980s
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1981,
1983
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David
& Roger Johnson: Meta-analyses of research on cooperation
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1985
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Elizabeth
Cohen: Designing Groupwork
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Spencer
Kagan: Developed structures approach to cooperative learning
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AERA
and ASCD special interest groups founded
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1989
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David & Roger Johnson:
Cooperation & Competition-
Theory & Research
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1990s
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Early
1990s
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Cooperative
learning gains popularity among educators
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1996
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First
Annual Cooperative Learning Leadership Conference, Minneapolis
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Despite
people’s history of cooperation, a myth persists that the world is based
on the competitive principle of “survival of the fittest.” However,
cooperation has been found to be directly related to success, and
competitiveness has been found detrimental to career success. "The
more competitive a person is, the less chance he or she has of being
successful" (Kohn, 1996).
If
competitiveness seems to be so unfavorable to career success, why is it so
predominant in classrooms? The answer may be found by studying the
research comparing the relative effects of competitive, individualistic,
and cooperative efforts (Johnson, Johnson, & Holubec, 1998).
Reference
Johnson,
D., Johnson, R.& Holubec, E. (1998). Cooperation in the classroom.
Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
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